A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions

In his 19th century book on prepositions in Latin, Samuel Butler writes: Prepositions are particles or fragments of words prefixed to nouns or pronouns, and denoting their relations to other objects in point of locality, cause or effect. They are found in combination with all the parts of speech except interjections....A Praxis on the Latin Prepositions, by Samuel Butler (1823). In Latin, prepositions appear attached to other parts of speech (something Butler mentions, but is not of concern here) and separately, in phrases with nouns or pronouns -- prepositional phrases. While they can be longer, many common Latin prepositions are from one to six letters long. The two vowels that serve as single letter prepositions are a and e. Where Butler says the prepositions help denote relations with other object in point of locality, cause or effect, you might want to think of prepositional phrases as having the force of adverbs. Gildersleeve calls them local adverbs. Position of the Preposition Some languages have postpositions, which means they come after, but prepositions come before the noun, with or without its modifier. Ad beate vivendumFor living happily has a preposition before an adverb before a gerund (noun). Latin prepositions sometimes separate the adjective from the noun, as in the graduation honor summa cum laude, where summa highest is an adjective modifying the noun laude praise, and separated from it by the preposition cum with. Since Latin is a language with flexible word order, you may occasionally see a Latin preposition following its noun. Cum follows a personal pronoun and may follow a relative pronoun. Cum quo or quo cumWith whom De may follow some pronouns, as well. Gildersleeve says that instead of using two prepositions with one noun, as we do when we say its over and above our duty the noun will be repeated with each of the two prepositions (its over our duty and beyond our duty) or one of the prepositions be turned into an adverb. Sometimes prepositions, reminding us of their close relationship with adverbs, appear alone -- without a noun, as adverbs. The Case of Nouns in Prepositional Phrases In Latin, if you have a noun, you also have a number and case. In a Latin prepositional phrase, the number of the noun can be either singular or plural. Prepositions almost always take nouns in either the accusative or ablative case. A few prepositions can take either case, although the meaning should be at least subtly different depending on the case of the noun. Gildersleeve summarizes the significance of the case by saying the accusative is used for whither? while the ablative is used for whence? and where? Here are a few of the common Latin prepositions divided into two columns depending on whether they take the accusative or ablative case. Accusative Ablative Trans (across, over) Ab/A (off, of from) Ad (to, at) De (from, ofabout) Ante (before) Ex/E (out of, from) Per (through) Cum (with) Post (after) Sine (without) Those single vowel prepositions can not appear before a word starting with a vowel. The usual form is the one that ends in a consonant. Ab can have other forms, like abs. There are subtle distinctions between several of these prepositions. If you are interested, please read Butlers work.

All Kids Should Take Poverty 101 - 935 Words

In her essay, â€Å"All Kids Should Take Poverty 101,† Donna Beegle discusses the issue of poverty. She wants to help people understand and in turn decrease poverty in America. She suggests the solution of educating children in the k-12 system by having them take, â€Å"Poverty 101.† In teaching children â€Å"Poverty 101† it will help them understand the reality of poverty and not just the stereotypes they believe. Beegle hopes that will help empower those in poverty to help change their situation and will help those who do not live in poverty understand its true causes. Beegle’s solution was effective because she used her own personal stories to incorporate into her argument. Her lack of statistics and facts fail to strengthen the argument. Beegle begins her essay with references and personal stories from her childhood. She emphasizes on the gap of middle class and the class of poverty that she grew up in. Beegle says, â€Å"In school, I did not know t he middle-class life examples teachers used to explain academic subjects. I was unable to understand and speak in their middle-class language; I said â€Å"ain’t,† didn’t know whether to use â€Å"gone† or â€Å"went,† didn’t know a difference between â€Å"seen† or â€Å"saw† (Beegie,342).† Her middle class teacher could not relate to her and Beegle could not relate to her peers or teacher. The lack of knowledge between the two classes as well as barriers pushed Beegle to quit school. The middle class had a different perspective on how a future with education lookedShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Homeless People810 Words   |  4 Pagesand the more money we spend on this war, the likelihood of an American of any income class becoming homeless grows within every passing day. Although the problems of homeless individuals, who struggle in the real world with nothing, the government should intervene within the population of homeless people because within every passing day numerous of less fortunate people has nothing but to spend their lives on the street. Though the problem associated with meeting the needs of homeless people, theRead MoreI.Introduction. A.Hook Obese Children Grow Out To Be Obese1157 Words   |  5 Pagesthat obesity is a very serious and life threatening epidemic which is affecting a good number of people and so, it needs immediate attention. C. Despite the cost associated with curbing obesity, schools, family’s communities and the nation at large should strive to lower the obesity rate among teens because it (lessening that rate) will help teens with good physical and mental health, it will provide better environment for other students who are yet to join school and, improve the lives of teens fromRead MoreSegregation, By Luis J. Rodriguez1423 Words   |  6 PagesAlvarez, Marlene May 13, 2015 Eng 101 Final Draft Modernly Segregated Upon thinking about segregation, Jim Crow laws come to mind. It is commonly mistaken that it is abolished, but there are ways that segregation continues to exist. It continues to exist in L.A, just not in the way of laws segregating them, it exists through marginalization. African Americans and Latinos are pushed into certain areas to live amongst each other while Anglos stay among specific areas, as well. There are severalRead MoreInstitution Of Marriage1086 Words   |  5 PagesEric Behm Professor Justin Smith English Composition 101 12/10/14 Institution of Marriage The idea of two people spending the rest of their lives together used to be an extremely common occurrence. Not to say that it has changed completely, but the odds of a new marriage lasting more than 15 years is now less than half, and the cause of this might not be the regression of the belief in the institution of marriage, but the growth of options and the pursuit and belief in true happiness. In the pastRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Serious Problem1495 Words   |  6 Pages Children all around the world are going through a lot when it comes to child abuse, especially the children in the United States. According to Child Abuse Statistics (2012) more than three million reports of child abuse in the United States and these reports involves more than six million children. The United Stated have a really high number of child abuse crime compared to other countries. Every ten seconds a report of child abuse is made. The United Stated lose about four to seven children everyRead MoreAdult Obesity And Its Effects On Our Health958 Words   |  4 PagesIskander English 101 8 March 2017 Our Bodies Belong to Us Should we allow the government to decide what we consume on a daily basis? The world has debated on the need for a healthier lifestyle due to the growing obesity in the U.S, but what should we be eating? We classify eating fast food as unhealthy and being lazy, while simultaneously failing to realize it’s all low income families can afford. Therefore government regulation on what we eat is the last thing the U.S needs, we should be focusingRead MoreSocial Issues Are Poor Education And Poverty875 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Autobiography In Sociology 101 we have learned a great deal about how interconnected social issues are. Poor education and poverty can often be connected to create a cycle of poverty that brings down the next generation. Racial inequality can often lead to poor job opportunities. Using the sociological imagination I will also attempt to connect events in my life to larger social problems and look at my life through the sociological perspective. I am going to look at how my privilegedRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Vicious Cycle1556 Words   |  7 PagesSkylynn Cavalli Brussin English 101 29 June, 2015 Baby Proofing Our Youth According to the Arizona Department of Health Services 8,715 teenagers 19 years old or less were impregnated in 2013. 2,385 of these pregnancies were contributed by teens ranging in ages 15 through 17 years old, in which 1,985 resulted in live births. Meaning, only 400 out of 2,385 of our little sisters, daughters, nieces, and even best friends weren’t able to successfully bring a child into our world. Teen pregnancy isRead MoreArticle On Gay Marriage Rights1686 Words   |  7 PagesDaeja Nya Alicea English 101 10/25/16 Krietcsh Gay Marriage Rights Can you believe that in some parts of the world it is still illegal to be homosexual , or better yet to marry the person you love if they are the same sex as you? Many people use religion to try a stop gay marriage rights. But religion has nothing to do with the fact that it is every human being’s right to marry the person they love.Gay Marriage has always been around for example â€Å"Evidence exists that same-sex marriages wereRead More Blus Hanging by Lois-Ann Yamanaka Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesYamanaka tells a sad and realistic story of the Ogata family. With the absence of a mother and an uncaring father, the three children, Ivah, Blu, and Maisie, face insurmountable obstacles. Furthermore, various outside forces, such as sexual violence, poverty, and racism, make it even harder for them to cope with the harsh society. In spite of these hardships, it is the mothers invisible presence that keeps the three children together and guides them, although it also contr ibutes to the unintended indifference

Ap Bio Chapter 7 Free Essays

Name Period Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Concept 7. 1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Bio Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Name them. Explain what is meant when we say a molecule is amphipathic. 3. In the 1960s, the Davson-Danielli model of membrane structure was widely accepted. Describe this model and then cite two lines of evidence that were inconsistent with it. 4. Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure? When? Describe this model. 5. What is meant by membrane fluidity? Describe the movements seen in the fluid membrane. 6. Describe how each of the following can affect membrane fluidity: decreasing temperature phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon chains cholesterol 7. Membrane proteins are the mosaic part of the model. Describe each of the two main categories: integral proteins peripheral proteins 8. Use Figure 7. 9 to briefly describe major functions of membrane proteins. Function Description Transport Enzymatic activity Signal transduction Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM 9. Membrane carbohydrates are important in cell-cell recognition. What are two examples of this? Distinguish between glycolipids and glycoproteins. Label the following structures: glycolipid, glycoprotein, integral protein, peripheral protein, cholesterol, phospholipid, ECM fibers, cytoskeleton microfilaments, integrins (go back to Chapter 6) Concept 7. 2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability Distinguish between channel proteins and carrier proteins. Are transport proteins specific? Cite an example that supports your response. 14. Peter Agre received the Nobel Prize in 2003 for the discovery of aquaporins. What are they? 15. Consider the following materials that must cross the membrane. For each, tell how it is accomplished. |Material |Method | |CO2 | | |Glucose | |H+ | | |O2 | | |H2O | | Concept 7. 3 Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment 16. Define the following terms: diffusion concentration gradient passive transport osmosis isotonic hypertonic hypotonic turgid laccid plasmolysis 17. Use as many words from the list above to describe why a carrot left on the counter overnight would become limp. Underline each word you use. What is facilitated diffusion? Is it active or passive? Cite two examples. Label the hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, and hypertonic solution. What is indicated by the blue arrows? Label them. Which cell is lysed? Turgid? Flaccid? Plasmolyzed? Apply all these labels. Why doesn’ t the plant cell burst? Concept 7. 4 Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients 21. Describe active transport. What type of transport proteins are involved, and what is the role of ATP in the process? The sodium-potassium pump is an important system for you to know. Use the following diagram to understand how it works. Use the following terms to label these figures, and briefly summarize what is occurring in each figure: extracellular fluid, cytoplasm, Na+, K+, ATP, ADP, P, transport protein. On the diagram below, add these labels: facilitated diffusion with a carrier protein, facilitated diffusion with a channel protein, active transport with a carrier protein, simple diffusion. For each type of transport, give an example of a material that is moved in this manner. What is membrane potential? Which side of the membrane is positive? What are the two forces that drive the diffusion of ions across the membrane? What is the combination of these forces called? 26. What is cotransport? Explain how understanding it is used in our treatment of diarrhea. Concept 7. 5 Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis 27. Define each of the following, and give a specific cellular example. ndocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis 28. What is a ligand? What do ligands have to do with receptor-mediated endocytosis? 29. Are the processes you described in question 23 active or passive transport? Explain your response. Testing Your Knowledge: Self-Quiz Answers Now you should be ready to test your knowledge. Place your answers here: 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ Reproduce the diagram for question 6, and draw arrows as instructed. 6b. ______ 6c. ______ 6d. ______ 6e. ______ How to cite Ap Bio Chapter 7, Papers

Sex Slavery Essay free essay sample

In the two minutes that it took you to turn your laptop on so you can check Facebook, another child, woman or even man have been sold and forced to become a sex slave. Slavery and human trafficking have become a widespread problem around the globe today. From 60,000 to 200,000 women, children and men in one city to another have been sexually abused, harassed, prostituted from being sold to being bought. Even though it is common in our world, it is unethical because it is sad to see what sex slavery really is. In Juliana Dogbadzi’s story, she talks about what horrible things she has been through. Juliana has been sexually abused, beaten, and threatened by a priest. Juliana states, â€Å"I was raped repeatedly by the priest on torn mats on the cold floor of windowless huts. † Who would have known that this would have happened to her. Through her experience, she writes a story to convey the tragedy of sex trafficking. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Slavery Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No one should do what they do not want to do. Her story is important because of the fact that she reaches out to other people and catches their attention, to inform people who are being violated throughout the world. According to Congressional estimates, every day in our country 100,000 children are being sold for sex on the internet†(newser. com, December 14, 2011). Procrastinating men to prey on teenage girls and young men and turn them into something they do not want to be, a sex slave . Prostitution and human trafficking are sustained by demand on the web and no one is doing anything about this situation. Prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes represent a serious obstacle to social equality, to gender equality and to the enjoyment of human rights. Trafficking profoundly violates human dignity and the right of individuals to decide over their own lives and their own bodies. The victims are primarily women and girls, but men and boys are also being exposed to prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes. Studies convey that it is mostly men who purchase sexual services. The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women in partnership with Prostitution Research and Education and other co-sponsors held a protest in front of Craigslist Headquarters in San Francisco on July 8th to bring attention to Craigslists facilitation of and profiting from sex trafficking. Craigslist continues to cynically profit by functioning as an online pimp, says Norma Ramos, Executive Director of CATW. Craigslist is the new stroll where pimps traffic, johns buy and Craigslist profits, says Melissa Farley, Executive Director, PRE. Both of these women are entirely against sex trafficking on the internet, and are having a protest. This critical situation is even in our own area. Sex Trafficking can also be of any person male to female although those trafficked are mostly female. The ages can be as low as 5 years old for oral sex and the girls then start having vaginal sex when around 10 years old. In Indonesia in the military brothels some girls are 5 when forced to have vaginal sex which either kills them of the girls suffer traumatic physical damage to their bodies. Imagine the mental trauma the girl would endure. There needs to be a change within this epidemic situation. Sex slavery is worldwide, and so much can be done to stop these practices, including efforts by governments, business and the general public.